Difference between revisions of "Size Dist Papers"

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=1999=
 
=1999=
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* <font color=grey>'''Xie YL, Hopke PK, Paatero P, Barrie LA, Li SM, Identification of source nature and seasonal variations of arctic aerosol by positive matrix factorization, J Atmos Sci, 56, 249-260.'''
 +
</font color=grey>
 
* '''Yakovleva, E., Hopke, P. K., Wallace, L., Receptor Modeling Assessment of Particle Total Exposure Assessment Methodology Data, ES&T, 33, 3645–3652, 1999.'''  [http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es981122i abstract]
 
* '''Yakovleva, E., Hopke, P. K., Wallace, L., Receptor Modeling Assessment of Particle Total Exposure Assessment Methodology Data, ES&T, 33, 3645–3652, 1999.'''  [http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es981122i abstract]
**[Yakovleva_1999_fig4.JPG]
+
** applies PMF2 to outdoor/indoor PM2.5/PM10 metals data; PMF3 to the combined data in Riverside, CA in 1991
 +
** find 5 factors for the 2D cases (soil, secondary sulfate, sea salt, non-ferrous smelters and motor vehicles, personal activities); 7 factors for the 3D case (ambient soil, resuspended indoor soil, indoor soil, personal activities, sea salt, motor vehicles, secondary sulfate)
 +
[[File:Yakovleva_1999_fig4.JPG]]
  
 
=2001=
 
=2001=
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*** Does not describe error estimation
 
*** Does not describe error estimation
 
** 4 factors: residential wood burning, likely secondary aerosol, diesel emissions, motor vehicle emissions
 
** 4 factors: residential wood burning, likely secondary aerosol, diesel emissions, motor vehicle emissions
 +
[[File:Kim_2004_fig3.JPG]] [[File:Kim_2004_fig4.JPG]]
  
 
* '''Zhou, L., Kim, E., Hopke, P. K., Stanier, C., Pandis, S., Advanced Factor Analysis on Pittsburgh Particle Size-Distribution Data, AS&T, 38(S1), 118-132.''' [http://ejournals.ebsco.com/Article.asp?ContributionID=5885153 abstract]
 
* '''Zhou, L., Kim, E., Hopke, P. K., Stanier, C., Pandis, S., Advanced Factor Analysis on Pittsburgh Particle Size-Distribution Data, AS&T, 38(S1), 118-132.''' [http://ejournals.ebsco.com/Article.asp?ContributionID=5885153 abstract]
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****s_ij = sigma_ij + C3(max|x_ij|,|y_ij|)
 
****s_ij = sigma_ij + C3(max|x_ij|,|y_ij|)
 
** 5 factors: secondary aerosol, diesel truck, traffic aerosol, vegetative-burning-influenced aerosol, nucleation
 
** 5 factors: secondary aerosol, diesel truck, traffic aerosol, vegetative-burning-influenced aerosol, nucleation
 +
 +
[[File:Zhou_2004_fig4.JPG]] [[File:Zhou_2004_fig5.JPG]]
  
 
* <font color=grey> '''Zhou, L., Hopke, P. K., Paatero, P., Ondov, J. M., Pancras, J. P., Pekney, N. J., Davidson, C. I., Advanced factor analysis for multiple time resolution aerosol composition data, Atm. Env., 38, 4909-4920, 2004.''' [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VH3-4CYWHWK-1&_user=918210&_coverDate=09/30/2004&_rdoc=13&_fmt=high&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%236055%232004%23999619970%23513812%23FLA%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=6055&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=19&_acct=C000047944&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=918210&md5=c7a6cc1388673feece31728616a03ddb abstract]  
 
* <font color=grey> '''Zhou, L., Hopke, P. K., Paatero, P., Ondov, J. M., Pancras, J. P., Pekney, N. J., Davidson, C. I., Advanced factor analysis for multiple time resolution aerosol composition data, Atm. Env., 38, 4909-4920, 2004.''' [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VH3-4CYWHWK-1&_user=918210&_coverDate=09/30/2004&_rdoc=13&_fmt=high&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%236055%232004%23999619970%23513812%23FLA%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=6055&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=19&_acct=C000047944&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=918210&md5=c7a6cc1388673feece31728616a03ddb abstract]  
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*** error estimation referenced to Zhou et al., AS&T, 2004  
 
*** error estimation referenced to Zhou et al., AS&T, 2004  
 
** 11 factors: secondary nitrate I, remote traffic, secondary nitrate II, secondary sulfate, lead, diesel traffic, coal-fired power plant, steel mill, nucleation, local traffic, coke plant
 
** 11 factors: secondary nitrate I, remote traffic, secondary nitrate II, secondary sulfate, lead, diesel traffic, coal-fired power plant, steel mill, nucleation, local traffic, coke plant
 +
[[File:Zhou_2005_D07S18_fig4.JPG]]
 +
[[File:Zhou_2005_D07S18_fig5.JPG]]
 +
[[File:Zhou_2005_D07S18_fig6.JPG]]
  
 
*'''Zhou, L., Kim, E., Hopke, P. K., Stanier, C. O., Pandis, S. N., Mining airborne particulate size distribution data by positive matrix factorization, JGR, 110, D07S19, 2005.''' [http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2005/2004JD004707.shtml abstract]
 
*'''Zhou, L., Kim, E., Hopke, P. K., Stanier, C. O., Pandis, S. N., Mining airborne particulate size distribution data by positive matrix factorization, JGR, 110, D07S19, 2005.''' [http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2005/2004JD004707.shtml abstract]
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*** Does not describe error estimation
 
*** Does not describe error estimation
 
** 5 factors: local traffic, nucleation, mixed factors representing secondary and aged primary aerosol, fresh primary aerosol from local combustion sources; stationary combustion sources; remote Pittsburgh traffic, local point sources
 
** 5 factors: local traffic, nucleation, mixed factors representing secondary and aged primary aerosol, fresh primary aerosol from local combustion sources; stationary combustion sources; remote Pittsburgh traffic, local point sources
 +
[[File:Zhou_2005_D07S19_fig5.JPG]]
  
 
* '''Dillner, A. M., Schauer, J. J., Christensen, W. F., Cass, G.R., A quantitative method for clustering size distributions of elements, Atm. Env., 39, 1525-1537, 2005.''' [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VH3-4FC3RN4-2&_user=918210&_coverDate=03/31/2005&_alid=948517069&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_cdi=6055&_sort=r&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000047944&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=918210&md5=91c67f8d6067f85e1243d5b148f518f0 abstract]
 
* '''Dillner, A. M., Schauer, J. J., Christensen, W. F., Cass, G.R., A quantitative method for clustering size distributions of elements, Atm. Env., 39, 1525-1537, 2005.''' [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VH3-4FC3RN4-2&_user=918210&_coverDate=03/31/2005&_alid=948517069&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_cdi=6055&_sort=r&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000047944&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=918210&md5=91c67f8d6067f85e1243d5b148f518f0 abstract]
 +
** cluster analysis applied to 32 metal elements from 24-hr MOUDI samples from 5(3) days at two sidtes in Houston, August 2000 with source attributions for clusters (12-18 clusters per day)
 +
[[File:Dillner_2005_fig4.JPG]]
 +
[[File:Dillner_2005_fig5.JPG]]
  
 
=2006=
 
=2006=
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*** size distributions are downweighted by a factor of 10 to emphasize composition data
 
*** size distributions are downweighted by a factor of 10 to emphasize composition data
 
** 11 factors: vegetative burning, mobile 1, sulfate rich secondary aerosol, nitrate rich secondary aerosol, oil combustion, mobile 3, aged sea salt, airborne soil, sea salt, mobile 2, metals processing
 
** 11 factors: vegetative burning, mobile 1, sulfate rich secondary aerosol, nitrate rich secondary aerosol, oil combustion, mobile 3, aged sea salt, airborne soil, sea salt, mobile 2, metals processing
 +
[[File:Larson_2006_fig2.JPG]]
  
 
* '''Ogulei, D., Hopke, P. K., Zhou, L., Pancras, J. P., Nair, N., Ondov, J. M., Source Apportionment of Baltimore aerosol from combined size distribution and chemical composition data, Atm. Env, 40, S396-S410, 2006''' [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VH3-4KJ5T9R-5&_user=918210&_coverDate=12/31/2006&_rdoc=19&_fmt=high&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%236055%232006%23999599999.8997%23633972%23FLA%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=6055&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=33&_acct=C000047944&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=918210&md5=c14fffa210c8b611abc15c10cb2affcd abstract]
 
* '''Ogulei, D., Hopke, P. K., Zhou, L., Pancras, J. P., Nair, N., Ondov, J. M., Source Apportionment of Baltimore aerosol from combined size distribution and chemical composition data, Atm. Env, 40, S396-S410, 2006''' [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VH3-4KJ5T9R-5&_user=918210&_coverDate=12/31/2006&_rdoc=19&_fmt=high&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%236055%232006%23999599999.8997%23633972%23FLA%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=6055&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=33&_acct=C000047944&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=918210&md5=c14fffa210c8b611abc15c10cb2affcd abstract]
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*** error estimation sij = sigma_ij + C3 max(|xij|,|yij|)
 
*** error estimation sij = sigma_ij + C3 max(|xij|,|yij|)
 
** 12 factors: oil-fired power plant emissoins, secondary nitrate I, local gasoline traffic, coal-fired power plant, secondary nitrate II, secondary sulfate, diesel emissions/bus maintenance, Quebec wildfire episode, nucleation, incinerator, airborne soil/road-way dust, steel plant emissions
 
** 12 factors: oil-fired power plant emissoins, secondary nitrate I, local gasoline traffic, coal-fired power plant, secondary nitrate II, secondary sulfate, diesel emissions/bus maintenance, Quebec wildfire episode, nucleation, incinerator, airborne soil/road-way dust, steel plant emissions
 +
[[File:Ogulei_2006_fig3.JPG]]
 +
[[File: Ogulei_2006_fig4.JPG]]
  
 
* '''Ogulei, D., Hopke, P. K., Wallace, L. A., Analysis of indoor particle size distributions in an occupied townhouse using positive matrix factorization, Indoor Air, 16, 204-215, 2006.'''  [http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118604251/abstract abstract]
 
* '''Ogulei, D., Hopke, P. K., Wallace, L. A., Analysis of indoor particle size distributions in an occupied townhouse using positive matrix factorization, Indoor Air, 16, 204-215, 2006.'''  [http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118604251/abstract abstract]
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*** uncertainty = N_ij(0.01 + C3) + 0.01*N_j_avg; C3=0.4 (chosen by closest to theoretical value); 0.01 by trial-and-error approach  
 
*** uncertainty = N_ij(0.01 + C3) + 0.01*N_j_avg; C3=0.4 (chosen by closest to theoretical value); 0.01 by trial-and-error approach  
 
** 9 factors: gas burner use: boiling water; deep-frying tortillas & misc. dinner; citronella candle, combined gas burner/gas oven use: broiling salmon; sweeping/vacuuming; electric toaster oven; traffic-related; wood smoke; pouring of kitty litter
 
** 9 factors: gas burner use: boiling water; deep-frying tortillas & misc. dinner; citronella candle, combined gas burner/gas oven use: broiling salmon; sweeping/vacuuming; electric toaster oven; traffic-related; wood smoke; pouring of kitty litter
 +
[[File:Ogulei_2006_fig5.JPG]]
 +
[[File:Ogulei_2006_fig6.JPG]]
  
 
* '''Han, J. S., Moon, K. J., Lee, S. J., Kim, Y. J., Ryu, S. Y., Yi, S. M., Size-resolved source apportionment of ambient particles by positive matrix factorization at Gosan backgrounds site in East Asia, ACP, 6, 211-233, 2006''' [http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/6/211/2006/acp-6-211-2006.html abstract]  
 
* '''Han, J. S., Moon, K. J., Lee, S. J., Kim, Y. J., Ryu, S. Y., Yi, S. M., Size-resolved source apportionment of ambient particles by positive matrix factorization at Gosan backgrounds site in East Asia, ACP, 6, 211-233, 2006''' [http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/6/211/2006/acp-6-211-2006.html abstract]  
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*** does not discuss error estimates
 
*** does not discuss error estimates
 
**15 sources (4-8 per stage): continental soil, local soil, sea salt, biomass/biofuel burning, coal combustion, oil heating furnace, residual oil fired boiler, municipal incineration, non-ferrous metal source, ferrous metal source, gasoline vehicle, diesel vehicle, copper smelter, volcanic emission
 
**15 sources (4-8 per stage): continental soil, local soil, sea salt, biomass/biofuel burning, coal combustion, oil heating furnace, residual oil fired boiler, municipal incineration, non-ferrous metal source, ferrous metal source, gasoline vehicle, diesel vehicle, copper smelter, volcanic emission
 +
[[File:Han_2006_fig4.JPG]]
 +
[[File:Han_2006_fig5.JPG]]
  
 
*<font color="grey"> '''Liang, J., Kaduwela, A., Jackson, B., Gurer, K., Allen, P., Off-line diagonstic analyses of a three-dimensional PM model using two matrix factorization methods, Atm. Env., 40, 5759-5767, 2006''' [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VH3-4KBVX33-F&_user=918210&_coverDate=09/30/2006&_rdoc=4&_fmt=high&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%236055%232006%23999599969%23631888%23FLA%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=6055&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=19&_acct=C000047944&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=918210&md5=f854cc364bb96f28c0913c74791b1cf0 abstract]
 
*<font color="grey"> '''Liang, J., Kaduwela, A., Jackson, B., Gurer, K., Allen, P., Off-line diagonstic analyses of a three-dimensional PM model using two matrix factorization methods, Atm. Env., 40, 5759-5767, 2006''' [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VH3-4KBVX33-F&_user=918210&_coverDate=09/30/2006&_rdoc=4&_fmt=high&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%236055%232006%23999599969%23631888%23FLA%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=6055&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=19&_acct=C000047944&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=918210&md5=f854cc364bb96f28c0913c74791b1cf0 abstract]
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*** factors are time series (1D); chemical composition x size (2D)
 
*** factors are time series (1D); chemical composition x size (2D)
 
** 9 factors: road salt, industrial (Fe+Zn), cloud processed sulfate, two types of metal works, road dust, local sulfate, sulfur with dust, homogeneously formed sulfate.
 
** 9 factors: road salt, industrial (Fe+Zn), cloud processed sulfate, two types of metal works, road dust, local sulfate, sulfur with dust, homogeneously formed sulfate.
 +
[[File:Peré_Trepat_2007_fig3.JPG]]
  
 
* '''Ogulei, D., Hopke, P. K., Chalupa, D. C., Utell, M. J., Modeling Source Contributions to Submicron Particle Number Concentrations Measured in Rochester, New York, AS&T, 41, 179-201, 2007.''' [http://ejournals.ebsco.com/Article.asp?ContributionID=11059121 abstract]
 
* '''Ogulei, D., Hopke, P. K., Chalupa, D. C., Utell, M. J., Modeling Source Contributions to Submicron Particle Number Concentrations Measured in Rochester, New York, AS&T, 41, 179-201, 2007.''' [http://ejournals.ebsco.com/Article.asp?ContributionID=11059121 abstract]
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*** uncertainty as s_ij = N_ij*(alpha+C3) + alpha*N_j_avg
 
*** uncertainty as s_ij = N_ij*(alpha+C3) + alpha*N_j_avg
 
** 10 factors: two graffic factors, two nucleation factors, industrial emissions, residential/commercial heating, secondary nitrate, secondary sulfate, ozone-rich secondary aerosol, regionally transported aerosol
 
** 10 factors: two graffic factors, two nucleation factors, industrial emissions, residential/commercial heating, secondary nitrate, secondary sulfate, ozone-rich secondary aerosol, regionally transported aerosol
 +
[[File:Ogulei_2007_fig5.JPG]]
  
 
* '''Chan, T. W. and Mozurkewich, M.: Simplified representation of atmospheric aerosol size distributions using absolute principal component analysis, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 875-886, 2007.''' [http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/7/875/2007/acp-7-875-2007.html Abstract]
 
* '''Chan, T. W. and Mozurkewich, M.: Simplified representation of atmospheric aerosol size distributions using absolute principal component analysis, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 875-886, 2007.''' [http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/7/875/2007/acp-7-875-2007.html Abstract]
 +
** Applies APCA to size distribution data from 5 campaigns between 1999 and 2003
 +
*** Weights for uncertainties as Wij = [(k1*Cj)^2 + (Cj*Aij) + (k2Aij)^2]^(-1/2) where Cj is the concentration (dN/DlnDp) corresponding to one CPC count for size j; Aij is the measured concentration for size j in scan i; k1 and k2 are constants described in the text
 +
** 5-8 components, not assigned to sources (see next paper)
 +
[[File:Chan_2007_fig1.JPG]]
  
 
* '''Chan, T. W. and Mozurkewich, M.: Application of absolute principal component analysis to size distribution data: identification of particle origins, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 887-897, 2007.''' [http://www.atmos-chem-phys.org/7/887/2007/acp-7-887-2007.html Abstract]
 
* '''Chan, T. W. and Mozurkewich, M.: Application of absolute principal component analysis to size distribution data: identification of particle origins, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 887-897, 2007.''' [http://www.atmos-chem-phys.org/7/887/2007/acp-7-887-2007.html Abstract]
 +
[[File:Chan_2007_fig2.JPG]]
 +
 +
* '''Mazzei, F., Lucarelli, F., Nava, S., Prati, P., Valli, G., Vecci, R.: A new methodological approach: The combined use of two-stage streaker samplers and optical particle counters for the characterization of airborne particulate matter, Atmos. Environ., 41, 5525-5535, 2007.''' [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VH3-4NHM5B1-2&_user=918210&_coverDate=08/31/2007&_alid=1257808149&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_cdi=6055&_sort=r&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000047944&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=918210&md5=7709b42d98c469722e5b843822664046 Abstract]
 +
 +
* '''Ogulei, D., Hopke, P.K., Ferro, A.R., Jaques, P.A.: Factor Analysis of Submicron Particle Size Distributions near a Major United States-Canada Trade Bridge, J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc., 190-203, 2007.''' [http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=2&did=1214338911&SrchMode=3&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1269290137&clientId=56281&aid=1 abstract]
 +
** applied PMF to size distributions at 5 sites downwind and 1 site upwind of a bridge in Buffalo, NY.
 +
** 7 factors (4 common to all sites): fresh tailpipe diesel emissions, local/moving diesel emissions, aged diesel, spark-ignition gasoline, background urban, heavy duty diesel agglomerates, nucleation and accumulation mode
  
 
=2008=
 
=2008=
 
* '''Yatkin, S., Bayram, A., Source apportionmnet of PM10 and PM2.5 using positive matrix factorization and chemical mass balace in Izmir, Turkey, Sci. Total Env., 390, 109-123, 2008''' [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V78-4R0CPPJ-1&_user=918210&_coverDate=02/01/2008&_rdoc=13&_fmt=high&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235836%232008%23996099998%23675997%23FLA%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5836&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=30&_acct=C000047944&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=918210&md5=4fd33054db8035a382de404c63009848 abstract]
 
* '''Yatkin, S., Bayram, A., Source apportionmnet of PM10 and PM2.5 using positive matrix factorization and chemical mass balace in Izmir, Turkey, Sci. Total Env., 390, 109-123, 2008''' [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V78-4R0CPPJ-1&_user=918210&_coverDate=02/01/2008&_rdoc=13&_fmt=high&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235836%232008%23996099998%23675997%23FLA%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5836&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=30&_acct=C000047944&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=918210&md5=4fd33054db8035a382de404c63009848 abstract]
 +
** applied EPA PMF, CMB to elements from PM2.5, PM10
 +
*** 4 factors with PMF (large residual); 5 factors with CMB (small residual)
 +
[[File:Yatkin_2008_fig2.JPG]]
 +
[[File:Yatkin_2008_fig4.JPG]]
  
 
* '''Yue, W., Stolzel, M., Cyrys, J., Pitz, M., Heinrich, J., Kreyling, W. G., Wichmann, H. E., Peters, A., Wang, S., Hopke, P. K., Source apportionment of ambient fine particle size distribution using positive matrix factorization in Erfurt, Germany, Sci. Total Env., 398, 133-144, 2008.'''  [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V78-4SBHDHX-2&_user=918210&_coverDate=07/15/2008&_rdoc=16&_fmt=high&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235836%232008%23996019998%23690194%23FLA%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5836&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=24&_acct=C000047944&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=918210&md5=d8a02dca450c80286661426b7bf28c25 abstract]
 
* '''Yue, W., Stolzel, M., Cyrys, J., Pitz, M., Heinrich, J., Kreyling, W. G., Wichmann, H. E., Peters, A., Wang, S., Hopke, P. K., Source apportionment of ambient fine particle size distribution using positive matrix factorization in Erfurt, Germany, Sci. Total Env., 398, 133-144, 2008.'''  [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V78-4SBHDHX-2&_user=918210&_coverDate=07/15/2008&_rdoc=16&_fmt=high&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235836%232008%23996019998%23690194%23FLA%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5836&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=24&_acct=C000047944&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=918210&md5=d8a02dca450c80286661426b7bf28c25 abstract]
 +
[[File:Yue_2008_fig2.JPG]]
  
 
=2009=
 
=2009=
 
* '''Srivastava, A., Gupta, S., Jain, V. K., Winter-time size distribution and source apportionment of total suspended particulate matter and associated metals in Delhi, Atm. Res., 92, 88-99, 2009.''' [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V95-4TGS78M-1&_user=918210&_coverDate=03/31/2009&_rdoc=10&_fmt=high&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235889%232009%23999079998%23867050%23FLA%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5889&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=15&_acct=C000047944&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=918210&md5=237fce1025d81cff45af898007d80af5 abstract]
 
* '''Srivastava, A., Gupta, S., Jain, V. K., Winter-time size distribution and source apportionment of total suspended particulate matter and associated metals in Delhi, Atm. Res., 92, 88-99, 2009.''' [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V95-4TGS78M-1&_user=918210&_coverDate=03/31/2009&_rdoc=10&_fmt=high&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235889%232009%23999079998%23867050%23FLA%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5889&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=15&_acct=C000047944&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=918210&md5=237fce1025d81cff45af898007d80af5 abstract]
 +
** applied PCA and CMB to metals data from cascade impactor in Delhi from Dec 2005 - Jan 2006
 +
*** 4 factors
 +
[[File:Srivastava_2009_fig6.JPG]]
 +
  
 
* '''Kleeman, M. J., Riddle, S. G., Robert, M. A., Jakober, C. A., Fine, P. M., Hays, M. D., Schauer, J. J., Hannigan, M. P., Source Apportionment of Fine (PM1.8) and Ultrafine (PM0.1) Airborne Particulate Matter during a Severe Winter Pollution Episode, ES&T, 43, 272-279, 2009. '''[http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es800400m?journalCode=esthag&quickLinkVolume=43&quickLinkPage=272&volume=43 abstract]
 
* '''Kleeman, M. J., Riddle, S. G., Robert, M. A., Jakober, C. A., Fine, P. M., Hays, M. D., Schauer, J. J., Hannigan, M. P., Source Apportionment of Fine (PM1.8) and Ultrafine (PM0.1) Airborne Particulate Matter during a Severe Winter Pollution Episode, ES&T, 43, 272-279, 2009. '''[http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es800400m?journalCode=esthag&quickLinkVolume=43&quickLinkPage=272&volume=43 abstract]
 +
**applied CMB to MOUDI data analyzed for organic markers from 3 sites in California from Dec. 2000 - Jan. 2001
 +
**5 sources: diesel fuel, gasoline, motor oil, meat cooking, wood burning
 +
[[File:Kleeman 2009 fig1.JPG]]
 +
[[File:Kleeman 2009 fig2.JPG]]
  
 
* '''Thimmaiah, D., Hovorka, J., Hopke, P. K., Source Apportionment of Winter Submicron Prague Aerosols from Combined Particle Number Size Distribution and Gaseous Composition Data, Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 9, 209-236, 2009.''' [http://aaqr.org/VOL9_No2_June2009.htm Issue Table of Contents]
 
* '''Thimmaiah, D., Hovorka, J., Hopke, P. K., Source Apportionment of Winter Submicron Prague Aerosols from Combined Particle Number Size Distribution and Gaseous Composition Data, Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 9, 209-236, 2009.''' [http://aaqr.org/VOL9_No2_June2009.htm Issue Table of Contents]
 +
** applied PMF to hourly-averaged number size distributions from SMPS with gas-phase data in Prague from 17 days in Jan 2008
 +
** 4 factors: ozone rich, transported ozone/ozone precursors; NOx rich diesel emissions; traffic, spark ignition vehicles; local heating sources
 +
[[File:Thimmaiah_2009_fig2.JPG]]
  
 
* '''Beddows, D. C., Dall'osto, M., Harrison, R. M., Cluster Analysis of Rural, Urban, and Curbside Atmospheric Particle Size Data, ES&T, 43, 4694-4700, 2009.'''  [http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es803121t abstract]
 
* '''Beddows, D. C., Dall'osto, M., Harrison, R. M., Cluster Analysis of Rural, Urban, and Curbside Atmospheric Particle Size Data, ES&T, 43, 4694-4700, 2009.'''  [http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es803121t abstract]
 +
[[File:Beddows_2009_fig1.JPG]]
 +
[[File:Beddows_2009_fig2.JPG]]
  
 
* '''Karanasioua, A.A., Siskos,P.A., Eleftheriadis, K., Assessment of source apportionment by Positive Matrix Factorization analysis on fine and coarse urban aerosol size fractions, Atm. Env., 43, 3385-3395, 2009.''' [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VH3-4W15KXR-J&_user=918210&_coverDate=07/31/2009&_alid=944330896&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_cdi=6055&_sort=r&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000047944&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=918210&md5=0c80a068896ef3c0c02cb4a9370dff54 abstract]
 
* '''Karanasioua, A.A., Siskos,P.A., Eleftheriadis, K., Assessment of source apportionment by Positive Matrix Factorization analysis on fine and coarse urban aerosol size fractions, Atm. Env., 43, 3385-3395, 2009.''' [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VH3-4W15KXR-J&_user=918210&_coverDate=07/31/2009&_alid=944330896&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_cdi=6055&_sort=r&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000047944&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=918210&md5=0c80a068896ef3c0c02cb4a9370dff54 abstract]
 +
[[File:Karanasiua_2009_fig4a.JPG]]
 +
[[File:Karanasiua_2009_fig4b.JPG]]
  
 
* '''Gietl J. K., Klemm, O., Source Identification of Size-Segregated Aerosol in Munster, Germany, by Factor Analysis, AS&T, 43, 828-837, 2009.'''  [http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a911421885~db=all abstract]
 
* '''Gietl J. K., Klemm, O., Source Identification of Size-Segregated Aerosol in Munster, Germany, by Factor Analysis, AS&T, 43, 828-837, 2009.'''  [http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a911421885~db=all abstract]
 +
** applied PMF to water-soluble ion, OC, EC data from 5-stage impactor data during 4 seasons in 2006-2007 in Munster
 +
** 5 factors: traffic and road dust suspension, sea salt, industrial emissions, ammonium nitrate from organic waste, secondary aerosol
 +
** (no figs)
 +
 +
* '''Amato, F., Pandolfi, M., Escrig, A., Querol, X., Alastuey, A., Pey, J., Perez, N, Hopke, P. K., Quantifying road dust resuspension in urban environment by Multilinear Engine: A comparison with PMF2, Atm. Env., 43, 2770-2780, 2009. [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VH3-4VRP2BF-6&_user=918210&_coverDate=06/30/2009&_alid=960646479&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_cdi=6055&_sort=r&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=1&_acct=C000047944&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=918210&md5=1cb9462d3a2d294fb6816fc8a7186fa9 abstract]
 +
** applies PMF and ME with pulling equations to metals, ions, total carbon, and PM mass data from simultaneously-collected PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 (as one dataset) in Barcelona from 2003-2007
 +
*** undertainties estimated with fitting parameters, blank subtraction
 +
** 8 factors: vehicle exhaust, mineral, secondary sulfate, secondary nitrate, industrial, fuel oil combustion, aged sea salt, road dust (ME only), brake wear (PMF only)
 +
[[File:Pandolfi_2009_fig2.JPG]]
 +
 +
* '''Costabile, F., W. Birmili, S. Klose, T. Tuch, B. Wehner, A. Wiedensohler, U. Franck, K. König, and A. Sonntag, Spatio-temporal variability and principal components of the particle number size distribution in an urban atmosphere, ACP, 9, 3163-3195, 2009. [http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/3163/2009/acp-9-3163-2009.html abstract]

Latest revision as of 10:30, 23 March 2010

1971

  • Lawton, W. H., Sylvestre, E. A., Self Modeling Curve Resolution, Technometrics, 13, 617-633, 1971. pdf
    • proposes a 2-factor deconvolution of absorption spectra by a constrained eigenvalue technique that requires no a priori knowledge to solve the components
      • constraints include nonnegative spectra and contributions, unit area spectra
    • real and synthetic data

1999

  • Xie YL, Hopke PK, Paatero P, Barrie LA, Li SM, Identification of source nature and seasonal variations of arctic aerosol by positive matrix factorization, J Atmos Sci, 56, 249-260.

  • Yakovleva, E., Hopke, P. K., Wallace, L., Receptor Modeling Assessment of Particle Total Exposure Assessment Methodology Data, ES&T, 33, 3645–3652, 1999. abstract
    • applies PMF2 to outdoor/indoor PM2.5/PM10 metals data; PMF3 to the combined data in Riverside, CA in 1991
    • find 5 factors for the 2D cases (soil, secondary sulfate, sea salt, non-ferrous smelters and motor vehicles, personal activities); 7 factors for the 3D case (ambient soil, resuspended indoor soil, indoor soil, personal activities, sea salt, motor vehicles, secondary sulfate)

Yakovleva 1999 fig4.JPG

2001

  • Ruuskanen, J., Tuch, T., Brink, H. T., Peters, A., Khlystov, A., Mirme, A., Kos, G. P. A., Brunekreef, B., Wichmann, H. E., Buzorius, G., Vallius, M., Kreyling, W. G., Pekkanen, J., Concentrations of ultrafine, fine and PM2.5 particles in three European cities, Atm. Env., 35, 3729-3738, 2001 abstract
    • applies PCA to SMPS, LAS-X, Number conc. in sizes 0.01-0.1 and 0.1-0.5 um, total particle number, and filter absorption (~BC), temp, wind speed, and relative humidity in Erfurt, Germany, Alkmaar, the Netherlands, and Helsinki, Finland from Nov. 1996-March 1997
    • 4 factors: ultrafnes, temperature, humidity, PM2.5
  • Wahlin, P., Palmgren, F., Dingenen, R. V., Experimental studies of ultrafine particles in streets and the relationship to traffic, Atm. Env., 35, S63-S69, 2001. abstract
    • applies COPREM to DMA, CO, NOx, and total # conc. in Copenhagen and Odense, Denmark from Jan - May 1999
      • uncertainties for particle number determined from std dev of averages of 10-15 minute data to 1 hr
    • 3 factors + offset: non-traffic, petrol+diesel, diesel

2004

  • Kim, E., Hopke, P. K., Larson, T. V., Covert, D. S., Analysis of Ambient Particle Size Distributions Using Unmix and Positive Matrix Factorization, ES&T, 38, 202-209, 2004. abstract
    • applies PMF and UNMIX to DMPS data in Seattle in winter 2000-2001
      • Does not describe error estimation
    • 4 factors: residential wood burning, likely secondary aerosol, diesel emissions, motor vehicle emissions

Kim 2004 fig3.JPG Kim 2004 fig4.JPG

  • Zhou, L., Kim, E., Hopke, P. K., Stanier, C., Pandis, S., Advanced Factor Analysis on Pittsburgh Particle Size-Distribution Data, AS&T, 38(S1), 118-132. abstract
    • applies PMF to SMPS and APS data from Pittsburgh from Jul-Aug 2001 (nucleation and grown events removed)
      • error estimation
        • u_h = min(non-0 value, deltaN between two adjacent time steps) (h=size bin)
        • sigma'_ij = ((sqrt(x_ih/u_h)+1)u_h
        • s_ij = sigma_ij + C3(max|x_ij|,|y_ij|)
    • 5 factors: secondary aerosol, diesel truck, traffic aerosol, vegetative-burning-influenced aerosol, nucleation

Zhou 2004 fig4.JPG Zhou 2004 fig5.JPG

  • Zhou, L., Hopke, P. K., Paatero, P., Ondov, J. M., Pancras, J. P., Pekney, N. J., Davidson, C. I., Advanced factor analysis for multiple time resolution aerosol composition data, Atm. Env., 38, 4909-4920, 2004. abstract
    • a model in ME for a data matrix where species were measured with different time resolution
    • was referenced by another paper for error estimates
      • error estimate = C1+C3*max(|x_ij|,|y_ij|)

2005

  • Zhou, L., Hopke, P. K., Stanier, C. O., Pandis, S. N., Ondov, J. M., Pancras, J. P., Investigation of the relationship between chemical composition and size distribution of airborne particles by partial least squares and positive matrix factorization, JGR, 110, D07S18, 2005. abstract
    • applies Partial Least Squares (PLS) and PMF to SMPS, APS, PM2.5 species, and gas phase species in Pittsburgh for 5 days in July 2001
      • error estimation referenced to Zhou et al., AS&T, 2004
    • 11 factors: secondary nitrate I, remote traffic, secondary nitrate II, secondary sulfate, lead, diesel traffic, coal-fired power plant, steel mill, nucleation, local traffic, coke plant

Zhou 2005 D07S18 fig4.JPG Zhou 2005 D07S18 fig5.JPG Zhou 2005 D07S18 fig6.JPG

  • Zhou, L., Kim, E., Hopke, P. K., Stanier, C. O., Pandis, S. N., Mining airborne particulate size distribution data by positive matrix factorization, JGR, 110, D07S19, 2005. abstract
    • applies PMF to SMPS, APS, PM2.5 species, and gas phase species in Pittsburgh for each month (12 mo) from July 2001 to June 2002
      • Does not describe error estimation
    • 5 factors: local traffic, nucleation, mixed factors representing secondary and aged primary aerosol, fresh primary aerosol from local combustion sources; stationary combustion sources; remote Pittsburgh traffic, local point sources

Zhou 2005 D07S19 fig5.JPG

  • Dillner, A. M., Schauer, J. J., Christensen, W. F., Cass, G.R., A quantitative method for clustering size distributions of elements, Atm. Env., 39, 1525-1537, 2005. abstract
    • cluster analysis applied to 32 metal elements from 24-hr MOUDI samples from 5(3) days at two sidtes in Houston, August 2000 with source attributions for clusters (12-18 clusters per day)

Dillner 2005 fig4.JPG Dillner 2005 fig5.JPG

2006

  • Larson, T. V., Covert, D. S., Kim, E., Elleman, R., Schreuder, A. B., Lumley, T., Combining size distribution and chemical species measurements into a multivariate receptor model of PM2.5, JGR, 111, D10S09, 2006 abstract
    • applies ME2 to DMPS, APS, speciated data from from filters (with "missing mass" as a species" in Seattle from Feb. 2000 to June 2003
      • error estimation references Kim et al. 2004
      • both mass and volume are constrained, and linked by the "average apparent particle density" with Q-terms for mass and volume
      • size distributions are downweighted by a factor of 10 to emphasize composition data
    • 11 factors: vegetative burning, mobile 1, sulfate rich secondary aerosol, nitrate rich secondary aerosol, oil combustion, mobile 3, aged sea salt, airborne soil, sea salt, mobile 2, metals processing

Larson 2006 fig2.JPG

  • Ogulei, D., Hopke, P. K., Zhou, L., Pancras, J. P., Nair, N., Ondov, J. M., Source Apportionment of Baltimore aerosol from combined size distribution and chemical composition data, Atm. Env, 40, S396-S410, 2006 abstract
    • applies PLS and PMF to SMPS, APS, particle species, and gas-phase species in Baltimore in 6 days in July and August 2002
      • error estimation sij = sigma_ij + C3 max(|xij|,|yij|)
    • 12 factors: oil-fired power plant emissoins, secondary nitrate I, local gasoline traffic, coal-fired power plant, secondary nitrate II, secondary sulfate, diesel emissions/bus maintenance, Quebec wildfire episode, nucleation, incinerator, airborne soil/road-way dust, steel plant emissions

Ogulei 2006 fig3.JPG Ogulei 2006 fig4.JPG

  • Ogulei, D., Hopke, P. K., Wallace, L. A., Analysis of indoor particle size distributions in an occupied townhouse using positive matrix factorization, Indoor Air, 16, 204-215, 2006. abstract
    • applies PMF to SMPS, APS data from indoors (townhouse) in Reston, VA in winter 1999-2000
      • uncertainty = N_ij(0.01 + C3) + 0.01*N_j_avg; C3=0.4 (chosen by closest to theoretical value); 0.01 by trial-and-error approach
    • 9 factors: gas burner use: boiling water; deep-frying tortillas & misc. dinner; citronella candle, combined gas burner/gas oven use: broiling salmon; sweeping/vacuuming; electric toaster oven; traffic-related; wood smoke; pouring of kitty litter

Ogulei 2006 fig5.JPG Ogulei 2006 fig6.JPG

  • Han, J. S., Moon, K. J., Lee, S. J., Kim, Y. J., Ryu, S. Y., Yi, S. M., Size-resolved source apportionment of ambient particles by positive matrix factorization at Gosan backgrounds site in East Asia, ACP, 6, 211-233, 2006 abstract
    • applies PMF to 19 elements from 8 stages (each stage as a separate PMF analysis) of DRUM sampler data in Gosan, Korea in spring 2002
      • does not discuss error estimates
    • 15 sources (4-8 per stage): continental soil, local soil, sea salt, biomass/biofuel burning, coal combustion, oil heating furnace, residual oil fired boiler, municipal incineration, non-ferrous metal source, ferrous metal source, gasoline vehicle, diesel vehicle, copper smelter, volcanic emission

Han 2006 fig4.JPG Han 2006 fig5.JPG

  • Liang, J., Kaduwela, A., Jackson, B., Gurer, K., Allen, P., Off-line diagonstic analyses of a three-dimensional PM model using two matrix factorization methods, Atm. Env., 40, 5759-5767, 2006 abstract
    • applies APCA and NMFROC to CMAQ model input and output (simultaneously) from a modeled episode from Dec. 2000 to Jan 2011 in CA Central Valley

2007

  • Pere-Trepat, E., Kim, E., Paatero,P., Hopke, P. K., Source apportionment of time and size resolved ambient particulate matter measured with a rotating DRUM impactor, Atm. Env., 41, 5921-5933, 2007. abstract
    • applied a 2+1D factorization to a 3D dataset of size-resolved chemical data
      • factors are time series (1D); chemical composition x size (2D)
    • 9 factors: road salt, industrial (Fe+Zn), cloud processed sulfate, two types of metal works, road dust, local sulfate, sulfur with dust, homogeneously formed sulfate.

File:Peré Trepat 2007 fig3.JPG

  • Ogulei, D., Hopke, P. K., Chalupa, D. C., Utell, M. J., Modeling Source Contributions to Submicron Particle Number Concentrations Measured in Rochester, New York, AS&T, 41, 179-201, 2007. abstract
    • applies PMF to ultafine size distribution, gases, and total PM2.5 in Rochester, NY to each season from Dec. 2004-Nov. 2005
      • uncertainty as s_ij = N_ij*(alpha+C3) + alpha*N_j_avg
    • 10 factors: two graffic factors, two nucleation factors, industrial emissions, residential/commercial heating, secondary nitrate, secondary sulfate, ozone-rich secondary aerosol, regionally transported aerosol

Ogulei 2007 fig5.JPG

  • Chan, T. W. and Mozurkewich, M.: Simplified representation of atmospheric aerosol size distributions using absolute principal component analysis, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 875-886, 2007. Abstract
    • Applies APCA to size distribution data from 5 campaigns between 1999 and 2003
      • Weights for uncertainties as Wij = [(k1*Cj)^2 + (Cj*Aij) + (k2Aij)^2]^(-1/2) where Cj is the concentration (dN/DlnDp) corresponding to one CPC count for size j; Aij is the measured concentration for size j in scan i; k1 and k2 are constants described in the text
    • 5-8 components, not assigned to sources (see next paper)

Chan 2007 fig1.JPG

  • Chan, T. W. and Mozurkewich, M.: Application of absolute principal component analysis to size distribution data: identification of particle origins, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 887-897, 2007. Abstract

Chan 2007 fig2.JPG

  • Mazzei, F., Lucarelli, F., Nava, S., Prati, P., Valli, G., Vecci, R.: A new methodological approach: The combined use of two-stage streaker samplers and optical particle counters for the characterization of airborne particulate matter, Atmos. Environ., 41, 5525-5535, 2007. Abstract
  • Ogulei, D., Hopke, P.K., Ferro, A.R., Jaques, P.A.: Factor Analysis of Submicron Particle Size Distributions near a Major United States-Canada Trade Bridge, J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc., 190-203, 2007. abstract
    • applied PMF to size distributions at 5 sites downwind and 1 site upwind of a bridge in Buffalo, NY.
    • 7 factors (4 common to all sites): fresh tailpipe diesel emissions, local/moving diesel emissions, aged diesel, spark-ignition gasoline, background urban, heavy duty diesel agglomerates, nucleation and accumulation mode

2008

  • Yatkin, S., Bayram, A., Source apportionmnet of PM10 and PM2.5 using positive matrix factorization and chemical mass balace in Izmir, Turkey, Sci. Total Env., 390, 109-123, 2008 abstract
    • applied EPA PMF, CMB to elements from PM2.5, PM10
      • 4 factors with PMF (large residual); 5 factors with CMB (small residual)

Yatkin 2008 fig2.JPG Yatkin 2008 fig4.JPG

  • Yue, W., Stolzel, M., Cyrys, J., Pitz, M., Heinrich, J., Kreyling, W. G., Wichmann, H. E., Peters, A., Wang, S., Hopke, P. K., Source apportionment of ambient fine particle size distribution using positive matrix factorization in Erfurt, Germany, Sci. Total Env., 398, 133-144, 2008. abstract

Yue 2008 fig2.JPG

2009

  • Srivastava, A., Gupta, S., Jain, V. K., Winter-time size distribution and source apportionment of total suspended particulate matter and associated metals in Delhi, Atm. Res., 92, 88-99, 2009. abstract
    • applied PCA and CMB to metals data from cascade impactor in Delhi from Dec 2005 - Jan 2006
      • 4 factors

Srivastava 2009 fig6.JPG


  • Kleeman, M. J., Riddle, S. G., Robert, M. A., Jakober, C. A., Fine, P. M., Hays, M. D., Schauer, J. J., Hannigan, M. P., Source Apportionment of Fine (PM1.8) and Ultrafine (PM0.1) Airborne Particulate Matter during a Severe Winter Pollution Episode, ES&T, 43, 272-279, 2009. abstract
    • applied CMB to MOUDI data analyzed for organic markers from 3 sites in California from Dec. 2000 - Jan. 2001
    • 5 sources: diesel fuel, gasoline, motor oil, meat cooking, wood burning

Kleeman 2009 fig1.JPG Kleeman 2009 fig2.JPG

  • Thimmaiah, D., Hovorka, J., Hopke, P. K., Source Apportionment of Winter Submicron Prague Aerosols from Combined Particle Number Size Distribution and Gaseous Composition Data, Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 9, 209-236, 2009. Issue Table of Contents
    • applied PMF to hourly-averaged number size distributions from SMPS with gas-phase data in Prague from 17 days in Jan 2008
    • 4 factors: ozone rich, transported ozone/ozone precursors; NOx rich diesel emissions; traffic, spark ignition vehicles; local heating sources

Thimmaiah 2009 fig2.JPG

  • Beddows, D. C., Dall'osto, M., Harrison, R. M., Cluster Analysis of Rural, Urban, and Curbside Atmospheric Particle Size Data, ES&T, 43, 4694-4700, 2009. abstract

Beddows 2009 fig1.JPG Beddows 2009 fig2.JPG

  • Karanasioua, A.A., Siskos,P.A., Eleftheriadis, K., Assessment of source apportionment by Positive Matrix Factorization analysis on fine and coarse urban aerosol size fractions, Atm. Env., 43, 3385-3395, 2009. abstract

Karanasiua 2009 fig4a.JPG Karanasiua 2009 fig4b.JPG

  • Gietl J. K., Klemm, O., Source Identification of Size-Segregated Aerosol in Munster, Germany, by Factor Analysis, AS&T, 43, 828-837, 2009. abstract
    • applied PMF to water-soluble ion, OC, EC data from 5-stage impactor data during 4 seasons in 2006-2007 in Munster
    • 5 factors: traffic and road dust suspension, sea salt, industrial emissions, ammonium nitrate from organic waste, secondary aerosol
    • (no figs)
  • Amato, F., Pandolfi, M., Escrig, A., Querol, X., Alastuey, A., Pey, J., Perez, N, Hopke, P. K., Quantifying road dust resuspension in urban environment by Multilinear Engine: A comparison with PMF2, Atm. Env., 43, 2770-2780, 2009. abstract
    • applies PMF and ME with pulling equations to metals, ions, total carbon, and PM mass data from simultaneously-collected PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 (as one dataset) in Barcelona from 2003-2007
      • undertainties estimated with fitting parameters, blank subtraction
    • 8 factors: vehicle exhaust, mineral, secondary sulfate, secondary nitrate, industrial, fuel oil combustion, aged sea salt, road dust (ME only), brake wear (PMF only)

Pandolfi 2009 fig2.JPG

  • Costabile, F., W. Birmili, S. Klose, T. Tuch, B. Wehner, A. Wiedensohler, U. Franck, K. König, and A. Sonntag, Spatio-temporal variability and principal components of the particle number size distribution in an urban atmosphere, ACP, 9, 3163-3195, 2009. abstract