DAURE

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This Wiki is a repository of information about a field campaign to be conducted at an urban/rural site pair in Barcelona and Montseny (Catalonia, Spain) in winter and summer 2009.

Objectives

The objectives of this campaign is to characterize the sources of fine aerosols in the Barcelona region, with particular attention to carbonaceous aerosols. State-of-the-Art methods such as 14C and HR-ToF-AMS analysis have been applied or are starting to be applied to the source apportionment problem in Central Europe, but not yet in the Mediterranean region. There are reasons to believe that the results from Central Europe (dominance of biogenic and biomass burning in the organic aerosol) may not apply in the Mediterranean, and this campaign is a unique opportunity to evaluate this hypothesis.

Sites

The campaigns should be carried out simultaneously at two sites of NE Spain in the Mediterranean Basin General.jpg

  • Site BCN will be inside Barcelona (CSIC. Located in the university campus in the western side of Barcelona close to Diagonal Avenue, one of the main traffic roads from the city. In this area we will install 2 monitoring cabins BCN_1 and BCN_2. The first consits of a conventional aerosol monitosing site containing CSIC instrumentation. BCN_2 is a small office trailer ready to install the arriving instruments (power to be discussed) and it is located only 5 m away from BCN_1.

Urban Background 41°23'24.01"N 02° 6'58.06"E

The station is located 10 m from a University Residence and around 300 m of our Institute of Earth Sciences ‘Jaume Almera’, CSIC. It is very convenient to book rooms at this residence a.s.a.p (see details below).

  • Site B will be a rural mountain site at Montseny (~50 km away), ideally with the same measurements at both sites. In this area we seleceted 2 monitoring sites MSY_1 and MSY_2. The first consits of a conventional aerosol monitosing site containing CSIC instrumentation. MSY_2 is a traditional rural house plenty of space, with sleeping rooms, kitchen and very basic labs. This is ready to install the arriving instruments (up to 10 kW) and it is located only 200 m away from MSY_1.

Regional background MSY_1: CSIC aerosol monitoring station 41°46'45.63"N 02°21'28.92"E

MSY_2: Rural house with laboratory for DAURE 41°46'45.21"N 02°21'17.48"E

    • Additionally there will be sapce enough to work with a conventional mobile unit (from PSI or from AQ local agencies. Note that at Montseny the unpaved mountain road is in poor condition, and has posed problems in the past.

Participant Groups

The following groups are likely to participate in this campaign, although in some cases this depends on funding.

Instrumentation at BCN_Site

BCN_1

  • CSIC
    • Optical counter for PM10, PM2.5 and PM1.
    • 3 high volume samplers for PM10, PM2.5 and PM1: 12 to 24 h speciation of PM10, PM2,5 and PM1 including sulfate, nitrate, chloride, ammonium, OC, EC, Ca, Al, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, P, Ti, and 55 trace elements. Analysis will be performed after sampling with ICP-MS, ICP-AES, Sunset TO OC-EC, IC, seletive electrodes.
    • MAAP.
    • Water CPC (without SMPS, we would appreciate if someone bring one).
    • SO2, NOx, O3, CO (will be installed with 75% probability).
    • Met-data available from Faculty of Physics (300 m from the station).
    • Low volume sampler (Partisol) with denuder and QBQ for OC (with positive and negative artifact correction) and EC in PM2.5.

BCN_2

  • PSI
    • W-ToF-AMS.
    • 1 high volume sampler 30 m3/h PM1 for 14C analysis of EC and OC.
    • 14C analyses on filters. 10 daily samples at MSY and 10 samples at BCN. For each sample 2 analysis, one for OC the other for EC. This will be repeated during both for winter and summer campaigns.
    • 1 rotating drum impactors (1-2 hourly resolution for subsequent synchrotron-XRF at PSI).
    • 1 aethalometer.
    • 1 SMPS/calibration unit
    • 1 APS
  • UC-CEH
    • ToF AMS
    • Dust track

BSC-UPC - Aersol LIDAR for vertical profile: 0.5-4 km (Adolfo Comeron, 300 m from the station)



    • Measurements: aerosol elemental composition (ICP-MS), OPC & SMPS size distributinos, CO, NOx, O3, SO2, and meteorology (T, RH, wind speed & direction, radiation, rain) at both sites
    • Funding is pending

Dates

If sufficient funding and personnel are available, we will conduct 2 campaigns to contrast summer and winter at the paired urban/rural sites.

Confirmed dates in Winter/Spring 2009

  • 23-Feb-09 to 27-March-09, together with EMEP-2 campaign. PSI is available for sure and can bring HR-ToF-AMS. Also molecular tracers and spectral fingerprints.

Tentative Dates in Summer 2009

  • Tentatively the last 3 weeks of Jul-09 and first week of Aug-09, to catch a summer period. (Eiko has a campaign 8-June to 8-July 2009 in the Netherlands, which prevents moving this time period earlier in time, if his instrument is used).
  • Andre Prevot (Email on 14-Dec-2008): "We prefer a real summer campaign in 2009 over the autumn campaign during EMEP. The summer campaign could be anytime from May to August in our opinion. We have to wait to fix the dates until we know the dates for the campaign in Paris which is part of the Megacity EU project MEGAPOLI. We can come to Barcelona before or after the Paris campaign. In the summer campaign we can bring the ToF and eventually the Q-AMS. If we have another AMS at one of the fixed sites, we might bring the Q-AMS in our mobile van instead of putting it at a fixed site. (Molecular tracers and spectral fingerprints will not be available)"

Dates that don't work

  • We had discussed May-08, simultaneously with the EUCARII-1 campaign in Europe. However Jose cannot make this time period due to a conflict in April-08 with the NASA ARCTAS campaign.
  • Alternative: Mid-Sep-08 to Mid-Oct-08, together with EMEP-1 campaign. However this may be too early for several of the groups involved, and too late meteorologically, as September is not as warm in Barcelona as the June-Aug period.

Issues to deal with

  • Power and space at Montseny (Xavier 26-Feb-08)
    • The power available at the Montseny site is 9 kW at one location and 4 kW at second location (may be upgradeable to 9 kW)
    • Space should not be a problem at Montseny
    • The main problem at Montseny is the access road (gravel / rock) which can be difficult, especially in case of snow
    • Space could also be rented at Montseny at a camping slightly lower than the main site, which is easier to access by road


  • Power and space in Barcelona (Xavier 26-Feb-08)
    • Tentatively the parking lot of the school of Geology would be the location to sample
    • Need to make sure that public works aren't taking place at this location during the campaigns


  • Power demand of individual instruments:
    • HR-ToF-AMS is ~ 1 kW (including sampling pumps).


  • Eiko Nemitz, email of 26-Nov-2007: "I would be interested to investigate the possibility to measure NH3 and HNO3 also. Modelling of NH4NO3 is still a major uncertainty in the European regional models, including the EMEP model. We could potentially loan a simple rotating wet denuder which fills hourly samples into test tubes for subsequent laboratory analysis for NH4+ and anions (HNO3, HCl, SO2). However, this would require laboratory analysis of 24 x 30 samples + some blanks for each month by some local lab. Is there a chance for the Spanish ministry to support this measurement?"
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