This is a list of Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) hardware. The initial list is based on the presentation by Ed Fortner and Bill Brooks of Aerodyne (with input from Wade Robinson and John Jayne) at the 10th AMS Users Meeting in Toronto, Canada. Anyone from the AMS Community is welcome to add to the questions and answers. If you don't have a Wiki account yet, you can request one by clicking here.

Recommended AMS Maintenance

Clean fan filters on all electronic components and Turbo Pump fans
Check and tighten 80/20 (frame) fasteners after shipping
Clean the instrument, particularly the raw aluminum chamber surface. Avoid exposure to elements, especially sea salt.
Computer Hard Drive maintenance
Always keep the vacuum system operational, Don’t leave instrument in the powered down state for extended periods (> 1-2 weeks).
Check the health of the chopper servo by running the "Top Hat" software check

Frequently Asked Questions

General FAQs

How much information does Aerodyne need to help me diagnose my problem?

A: as much as possible. E.g. we often get questions such as "The AB is low, what should I do?". It is impossible to know what the cause his without knowing many additional pieces of information, such as your flow rate, state of pumping system, MCP voltage, single ion measurement, etc.

I have questions about AMS Software

The FAQs and information about AMS software are kept in separate Wiki pages:

FAQs for ToF-AMS Data Acquisition software (DAQ)
FAQs for ToF-AMS Data Analysis software (Squirrel, PIKA, APES, etc.)
Guide for PMF analysis of AMS data (PET)

I have questions about what the AMS data mean

We also keep a separate Wiki page with FAQs for AMS data users

Vacuum System FAQs

What are the operating currents for all pumps?

(Generic values for currents measured using the new pump box (silver, with digital display)

Pump Number	Gas Load Off (mA)	Gas Load On (mA)	Delta T(C) (Closed) (&)	Delta T(C) (Open) (&)
P2	450	850	9	13.3
P3	250	300	9	9.3
P4	200	250	6	6
P5	< 200	< 200	6.2	6.5
P5	~200	~200	9.6	9.6

(&) Delta T = Pump Temp – Ambient Temp

What are your backing pump pressure and lens pressure?

Answer: you can read both of them with the same 10 Torr Baratron pressure gage (displayed in the electronics box). There is a 3-way valve, when pointing up if reads the lens P, when pointing down in reads the backing pump P.

Why is my flow rate so high?

A: The key here is that the AMS does not measure a flow. It is measuring the pressure in the lens using a 10 Torr Baratron gage, and a calculation is done in the DAQ software to give the flow rate. So if you are measuring the backing pump pressure then you will have a flow rate value (as displayed by the DAQ software) which will be much higher than expected. Simply turn the valve on the front of the AMS to measure the lens pressure and your flow rate will be correct.

If one turbo pump fails can I keep running the system?

Answer: NO !!! This may kill several other pumps (and that has actually happened to at least one group).

Can I keep a spare turbo pump in its box for a year?

A: No!!! If you do that, the lubricant in the pump bearings will phase-separate, and the pump will likely fail shortly after being installed. Every pump should be "spinned" at least every 3 months to prevent this problem.

How can I check whether my instrument is leak-tight?

A: turn the pumps off and close the valve between the turbo pumps and the diaphragm (backing) pump. Tend record the increase on the pressure of teh vacuum chamber (with the lens P meter) vs. time. The leak rate should be a fraction of 1 Torr per day, and in a really good instrument (such as the CU AMS during ARCTAS it was less than 0.1 Torr/day).

What is the fitting on the MD1?

This is a BSP/ISO parallel thread that replaces the standard hose barb fitting that is delivered with the MD1.

Swagelok part

SS-2-A-2RS adapter, female NPT to BSP/ISO parallel

S-2-RS-2V gasket for RS fitting

which has a 1/8" FNPT on the other end.

Inlet FAQs

When should I align the lens?

Answer: After shipping or if there is reason to believe that the instrument has been bumped. In most instances the alignment won't change, but if it happens to change it can have catastrophic consequences for your data, if you don't check before the measurements. We know that this problem has degraded data for several campaigns of several prominent groups in the AMS community.

Component FAQs

How do I change my MCPs?

A: See: Directions for changing MCP (movie) (password protected)

When can I turn on the MCP after venting?

A: It depends. It is always best to pump overnight, but if the system has only been vented an hour or two, and there is a need to collect data right away then after about 1/1.5 hours.

When can I turn on the filaments after venting?

A: About 45 minutes.

At which point were different updates to the AMS electronics introduced?

Chopper circuit upgrade: New 14 pin connector, not back compatible (starting with instrument 215-073)
HB display is now real (Rev L 215-077)
Improved 24V amperage reading on Pump Box (215-085)
New pump controller firmware features:
- Master Interlock > V4.1 (215-070)
- Selective pump on/off control

What is the replacement for the dust filter in front of the fans on the electronics box

Replacement comes as full plastic and filter assembly from SPC technology
Part number is 2482 and is approximately two dollars.

What are the pin-outs for the blue-connector cable leading from the 6024E card to the BNC terminal block?

The fat cable with blue connectors is NI model SH-68, see details here.

CHOPPER details

The chopper assembly contains three principal electronic parts:
- Motor to spin chopper wheel. For old electronics boxes this is part 1525-UO12-BRE from MicroMo, and is a discontinued part. For new e-boxes, this has been superseded by part 1525-BRC, see spec sheet. You cannot update your chopper motor without also changing the chopper circuit board in the electronics box... the new and old version are NOT compatible.
- Servo motor to move chopper in and out of particle beam. Part HS-81 from hitecrcd.com. In replacing this, it is essential to re-calibrate the servo open/chopped/blocked positions in the DAQ. A warning is also given to take care that the chopper wheel does not end up impacting on any surrounding surfaces at the limits of the servo movement.
- Honeywell optosensor to return chopper wheel position signal to electronics. When replacing this item, it is recommended to use a scope on the output signal line maximise the signal:noise in the waveform. Comparison of this to the trigger pulse produced by the timer card (NI6602) and sent to the AP240 will help diagnose that the timing is operating correctly.

Troubleshooting FAQs

My Airbeam is low

There are many possible causes of a low airbeam, but you should check:
- Is your valve open? Is your lens pressure normal (~1.5 Torr)? Is your flowrate normal?
- Is your heater bias on and at the correct value?
- Is your m/z calibration correct?
- Is your mass spectrometer poorly tuned?
- Are the electronic baseline and, more pertinently, the single-ion area, correctly defined in the Bitwise panel?
- Is your detector (MCP or multipler) spent? Or does its voltage need to be increased?
- Is the chopper servo not moving, or moving erratically?
- Are the chopper positions correct (see Servo panel)?

I have MS, but not a PTOF airbeam

Check the MS AB is representative, for example with the procedures outlined in the list above, particularly the servo positions. Then consider the following:
- Is the toggle set appropriately in the DAQ timing panel (50 or 100ms)? This can be checked by looking at the m/z 28 peak in Bitwise; if the %age probability of returning a peak per extraction is not significantly higher than for the single ions, the toggle is probably on the wrong setting.
- Is the timing correct? If the default values entered for m/z cal are not accurate, you may have been mislead about the PTOF timing settings. Leaving an insufficient time after the end of each extraction has been known to return null PTOF mass spectra.

I don't have a PToF Airbeam after I shipped the instrument

This problem is often caused by the timer card being unseated during transport. The fix to try is to shut down the computer, open it, take the timer card out and put it back in (making sure it is well-seated in the PCI slot) and trying again.

My chopper servo is not moving

Question: we're having a problem with the chopper servo (it doesn't move). We tried swapping in a new servo motor with no effect, making me think that the problem is with the chopper board itself. The chopper still spins, and we found pins in the chopper cable carrying 12V and ~3.7V, which I think are the chopper and servo power, respectively. None of the cable pins showed a voltmeter response to changing the servo position through the software (DAQ or CRITR), though I'm not sure how/where to measure this.

Reply: it sounds like you are missing the PWM signal that positions the servo. This is the yellow wire on the servo. The red wire is the 3.7V that you measured and black is ground. The PWM signal originates from the 6024 NI card, usually CTR0 routed to USER1 or USER2 BNC, the small jumper wire on the BNC2090 i/o panel. I would try connecting the appropriate USER BNC to a scope and use CRITR to vary the signal. You should see a variable width (1-2 ms) repeating at 50 Hz. If you don't see this there is something wrong with the NI card.

My PToF AB appears as two peaks

(Documented by Roya Bahreini)

After a few hours of data acquisition, the double-peak would come back repeatedly. It improved temporarily with changes in the chopper frequency while changes in the timing parameters did not make a difference.

Note that the ‘double peak’ can also be present for particles pToF signal, but that’s trickier to catch unless one is sampling mono-dispersed particles.

I looked at the chopper signal (Tee’d into the line that goes to the timing card) on the scope (It’s better to zoom in to see 2 cycles). In one of the cycles, there was a ‘blip’ before the opening signal of the chopper, peaking ~ 2-3 V. The 2nd cycle had no ‘blip’.

It’s possible then that the timer card was being triggered with the ‘blip’ on half of the cycles and therefore Time Zero of the pToF two chopper cycles was not the same, leading to a double peak.

To fix the problem, first, check the comparator signal of the chopper circuit and set it to ½ photodiode signal as explained in the link below if it’s not set properly http://cires.colorado.edu/jimenez-group/QAMSResources/Docs/Chopper_VrefSetpoint.pdf

If this doesn’t take care of the double peak, remove the chopper flange to make sure chopper assembly is well fixed and not wiggly. Now that the system is open you might as well clean the surface of the chopper and the photodiode as well!

If the problem is still there, maybe the timing card or timing card cable need to be replaced.

My heater current looks correct (1-1.1 A), but I don't think it is 600C

As per Leah Williams' presentation at the 2010 AMS users clinic, the AMS heater current should be in the region 1 to 1.1 Amps for a temperature of 600C. However, if you have this current dialed in, but have reason to believe the heater /= 600C (ie it is glowing red hot or you are not vapourising species), the potentiometers which calibrate the LCD readout may need adjusting. Follow the instructions on this ppt file.

I have problems with my heater voltages

Procedures to measure, calibrate and troubleshoot heater board voltages (ppt)

FAQ AMS Hardware

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