References


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    Image Credit: http://jules.unavco.org/ via http://www.cliffshade.com/colorado/index.htm

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    Image Credit:http://earthquake.usgs.gov/hazards/

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    Image Credit: http://jules.unavco.org/ via http://www.cliffshade.com/colorado/index.htm

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    Dickinson, W.R., M. A. Klute, M. J. Hayes, S.U. Janecke, E.R. Ludin, M.A. McKittrick, and M.D. Olivares (1988) Paleogeographic and paleotectonic setting of Laramide sedimentary basins in the central Rocky Mountain region. Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 100, p. 1023-1039, fig. 10.

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    Image Credit: http://paleo.amnh.org Division of Paleontology American Museum of Natural History © Rick Edwards
    Image Credit: http://www.marshalls-art.com/index.htm © Todd Marshall
    Image Credit: http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/dinosaurs/intro/ Illustration © Doug Henderson

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    DeCelles, P.G. & Gilges, K.A. (1996) Foreland basin systems. Basin Res., 8, 105-123.

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    Turcotte, D.L. and Schubert, G. (2001). Geodynamics, second edition. Cambrige University Press, Cambrige UK.

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    Javascript graphing program modified from divgraph.js by Bob Hanson (hansonr@stolaf.edu)

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    White, T., K. Furlong, M. Arthur (2002). Forebulge migration in the Cretaceous Western Interior basin of the central United States. Basin Research 14, 43-54. fig. 4.

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    White, T., K. Furlong, M. Arthur (2002). Forebulge migration in the Cretaceous Western Interior basin of the central United States. Basin Research 14, 43-54.
    Turcotte, D.L. & G. Schubert (2002). Geodynamics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p. 125.

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    Image from the University of Colorado Department of Geological Sciences Resources Website, Source Unknown.

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    Bird, P. (1998). Kinematic history of the Laramide orogeny in latitudes 35° -49° N, western United States, Tectonics, 17, 780-801.

    Gries, R. (1983). North-south compression of Rocky Mountain foreland structures, in Lowell, J.D. & Gries, R. ed. Guide Book: Rocky Mountain foreland basins and uplifts: Denver, Colorado, Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists, p. 9-32.

    Livaccari, 1991

    Cather, 1999

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    Saleeby, Jason (2003). Segmentation of the Laramide Slab—evidence from the southern Sierra Nevada region. GSA Bulletin; June 2003; v. 115; no. 6; p. 655–668; 4 figures.

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    Bird, P. (1998). Kinematic history of the Laramide orogeny in latitudes 35° -49° N, western United States, Tectonics, 17, 780-801.

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    Bird, P. (1998). Kinematic history of the Laramide orogeny in latitudes 35° -49° N, western United States, Tectonics, 17, 780-801.
    Dickinson, W.R., M. A. Klute, M. J. Hayes, S.U. Janecke, E.R. Ludin, M.A. McKittrick, and M.D. Olivares (1988). Paleogeographic and paleotectonic setting of Laramide sedimentary basins in the central Rocky Mountain region. Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 100, p. 1023-1039, fig. 10.
    Gries, R. (1983). North-south compression of Rocky Mountain foreland structures, in Lowell, J.D. & Gries, R. ed. Guide Book: Rocky Mountain foreland basins and uplifts: Denver, Colorado, Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists, p. 9-32.

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    England, P. & Molnar, P. (1990). Surface uplift, uplift of rocks, and exhumation of rocks. Geology v. 18, p. 1173-1177.
    Dettman, D.L. & Lohmann, K.C. (2000). Oxygen isotope evidence for high-altitude snow in the Laramide Rocky Mountains of North America during the Late Cretaceous and Paleogene. Geology v. 28, no. 3 p. 243-246.

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    • Raton Basin

      Pillmore, C.L. and Flores, R.M. (1987). Stratigraphy and depositional environments of the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary clay and associated rocks, Raton basin, New Mexico and Colorado. in Fassett, J.E. and Rigby, J.K. (eds) The Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary in the San Juan and Raton asins, New Mexico and Colorado.Geological Society of America, Special Paper 209. Boulder, Colorado.

    • Crazy Mountain Field


      Thom, W. T.,Jr. (1957). Tectonic relationships, evolutionary history and mechanics of origin of the crazy mountain basis, montana; billings geol. soc., guidebook, 8th ann. field conf
      Simpson, G.G. (1937). The Fort Union of the Crazy Mountain Field, Montana and Its Mammalian Faunas. Smithsonian Institution United States National Museum Bulletin 169 p. 14.

    • Powder River Basin

      Belt,E.S., Hicks, J.F., Murphy, D.A. (1997).A pre-Lancian regional unconformity and its relationship to Hell Creek paleogeography in south-eastern Montana. Contributions to Geology, vol.31, no.2, pp.1-26, May 1997
      Crowley, P. D., Reiners, P. W., Reuter, J. M., & Kaye, G. D. (2002). Laramide exhumation of the bighorn mountains, wyoming; an apatite (U-th)/He thermochronology study. Geology (Boulder), 30(1), 27-30.
      Weaver, J.N. and Flores, R.M. (1988). A summary description of synorogenic conglomerate in the Fort Union Formation; alluvial fan facies, Mowry Basin, Wyoming. Geological Society of America field trip guidebook, 1988; Centennial meeting, Denver, Colorado. Professional Contributions of the Colorado School of Mines, vol.12, pp.187-190.

    • Big Horn Basin

      Belt,E.S., Hicks, J.F., Murphy, D.A. (1997).A pre-Lancian regional unconformity and its relationship to Hell Creek paleogeography in south-eastern Montana. Contributions to Geology, vol.31, no.2, pp.1-26, May 1997
      Crowley, P. D., Reiners, P. W., Reuter, J. M., & Kaye, G. D. (2002). Laramide exhumation of the bighorn mountains, wyoming; an apatite (U-th)/He thermochronology study. Geology (Boulder), 30(1), 27-30.

    • Wind River Basin

      Winterfeld, G. F. & Conard, J.B. (1983). Laramide tectonics and deposition, Washakie Range and Northwestern Wind River Basin, Wyoming. In Lowell, J.D. & Gries, R. ed. Guide Book: Rocky Mountain foreland basins and uplifts: Denver, Colorado, Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists, p. 9-32.
      Keefer, W.R. (1961). Waltman Shale and Shotgun members of Fort Union Formation (Paleocene) in Wind River Basin, Wyoming. AAPG Bulletin; v. 45; no. 8; p. 1310-1323

    • Hanna Basin

      Eberle, J. J. and Lillegraven, J. A (1998) A new important record of earliest Cenozoic mammalian history: Eutheria and paleogeographic/biostratigraphic summaries Rocky Mountain Geology, 33(1): 49 - 117.
      Kraatz, B.R. (2002) Structural and seismic-reflection evidence for development of the Simpson Ridge anticline and separation of the Hanna and Carbon Basins, Carbon County, Wyoming Rocky Mountain Geology, 37(1): 75 - 96.
      Lillegraven,J. A., Snoke,A. W., and McKenna, M. C. (2002) Tectonic and paleogeographic implications of late Laramide geologic history in the northeastern corner of Wyoming's Hanna Basin Rocky Mountain Geology, 39(1): 7 - 64.
      Secord, R. (1998) Paleocene mammalian biostratigraphy of the Carbon Basin, southeastern Wyoming, and age constraints on local phases of tectonism Rocky Mountain Geology, 33(1): 119 - 154.

    • Green River Basin

      Balls, E., Kowallis, B.J., Christiansen, E.H., Sprinkel, D.A., and Heizler, M.T. (2004). Age and origin of volcanic ashes in the Bishop Conglomerate, south flank of the Uinta Mountains, Utah. Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, vol.36, no.5, pp.100.
      Swanson, B.A. (2003). Sedimentology, stratigraphy and strontium geochemistry of the Eocene Luman Member, Green River Formation, Wyoming. Unpublished Master's Thesis, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States (USA) 39pp.

    • Washakie Basin


      Honey, J. G. & Hettinger, R.D. (1989). Cross section showing correlations of Upper Cretaceous Fox Hills Sandstone and Lance Formation, and lower Tertiary Fort Union and Wasatch formations, southeastern Washakie Basin, Wyoming, and eastern Sand Wash Basin, Colorado Miscellaneous Investigations Series - U. S. Geological Survey (1989) I-1964

    • Middle and North Park

      Brown, R.W. (1962) Paleocene Flora of the Rocky Mountains and Great Plains. Geological Survey Professional Paper 375. p. 25
      Larson, E.E. and Drexler, J.W. (1988). Early Laramide mafic to intermediate volcanism, Front Range, Colorado in Drexler, J.W. and Larson, E.E. eds. Cenozoic volcanism in the Southern Rocky Mountains revisited; a tribute to Rudy C. Epis; Part 3. Colorado School of Mines Quarterly, vol.83, no.2, pp.41-52, 1988
      Picture from http://www.rkymtnhi.com

    • Denver Basin

      Raynolds, R.G. & Johnson, K.R. (2003). Synopsis of the stratigraphy and paleontology of the uppermost Cretaceous and lower Tertiray strata in the Denver Basin, Colorado. Rocky Mountain Geology. v. 38 no. 1 p. 171-181.
      Soister, P.E. & Tschudy, R.H. (1978). Eocene rocks in the Denver Basin, in Pruit, J.D., & Coffin, P.E., Eds., Energy resources in the Denver Basin: Denver, Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists Symposium, p. 231-235.

    • Piceance Creek Basin

      Patterson, P.E., Kronmueller, K, and Davies, T.D. (2003). Sequence stratigraphy of the Mesaverde Group and Ohio Creek Conglomerate, Northern Piceance Basin, Colorado, inPeterson, K.M., Olson, T.M. and Anderson, D.S. Anderson Eds., Piceance Basin 2003 Guidebook, The Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists, Denver, Colorado p.115-128.

    • Uinta Basin

      Isby, J.S. and Picard, M.B. (1983) Currant Creek Formation; record of tectonism in Sevier-Laramide orogenic belt, north-central Utah. Rocky Mountain Geology, Dec 1983; 22: 91 - 108.
      Walton, P.T. (1964). Late Cretaceous and Early Paleocene Congomerates along the Margin of the Uinta Basin. Thirteenth Annual Field Conference, Intermountain Association of Petroleum Geologists. pp. 139-143.

    • South Park

      Marvin, R.F., Mehnert, H.H., Merritt, V.M., Bryant, B.H., and Naeser, C.W. (1978). Paleocene deposition and Eocene deformation in South Park, Colorado, U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, Report: P 1100, pg.63.

    • San Luis Valley

      Brister, B. S., & Gries, R. R. (1996). Tertiary stratigraphy and tectonic development of the alamosa basin (northern san luis basin), rio grande rift, south-central colorado. In History, geology, hydrogeology, summitville mine and downstream effects, and other nearby mines of the san luis valley, colorado (12 Stratigraphy; 16 Structural geology No. 96-4) Colorado Geological Survey Open-File Report, Report: 96-4.
      Tandon, K., Brown, L. and Hearn, T. (1999) Deep structure of the northern Rio Grande rift beneath the San Luis basin (Colorado) from a seismic reflection survey: implications for rift evolution, Tectonophysics, Volume 302, Issues 1-2, 15 Pages 41-56.

    • San Juan Basin

      Lorraine, M. M. and Gonzales, D.A. (2003).Lahars or Not Lahars? An evaluation of the volcanic connection for the Late Cretaceous McDermott Formation near Durango, Colorado. [Abstract] Rocky Mountain Section 55th Annual Meeting Geological Soceity of America. Durango, Colorado
      Newell (1986). Stratigraphic palynology of Cretaceous-Paleocene boundary rocks, San Juan Basin, Colorado and New Mexico Palynology, vol.10, pp.255.

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    Summerfield, M. A. (1994) Global Geomorphology: An introduction to the study of landforms. Longman Scientific & Technical, New York, USA.